Lipid profiling steps up a notch
Multi-lipid profiling highlighted as potential new pathway for COPD biomarker development
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NEUCHÂTEL, Switzerland—This fall, a new study published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, titled “Alterations in serum polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids in patients with mild to moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD),” demonstrated the potential of multi-lipid profiling to support future biomarker development for COPD. Combining lipidomic profiling with computational network biology analyses, researchers were able to build a comprehensive and quantitative picture of the lipidome that is capable of distinguishing cigarette smokers from non-smokers, with improved separation of smokers that were symptomatic of mild to moderate COPD.
“This study has clearly demonstrated that there are many lipids, beyond those conventionally measured in the clinic, that are responsive in the section of society most at risk of COPD, i.e. cigarette smokers,” said Dr Björn Titz of the Computational Biology division of Philip Morris International (PMI), a tobacco company that has been delving in the life-sciences realm in recent years, particularly through the IMPROVER program. “Lipidomic information relating to smoke exposure and COPD has until now been relatively sparse. At the same time, markers discovered by lipidomics for other conditions are starting to make their way into the clinic. As such, this study should be highly relevant to scientists working in COPD from the point of view of biomarker development or personalized medicine.”
The study was designed to identify a biomarker, or panel of biomarkers, suitable for the differentiation of four groups: smokers with mild to moderate COPD, healthy smokers, individuals who have never smoked and individuals who have quit smoking for a year or more.
Leveraging a network biology analysis approach, the authors identified three main lipidomic trends between smokers and non-smokers: a general increase in glycerophospholipids (the main component of all biological membranes, e.g. cell membranes), changes in fatty acid desaturation (a decrease in poly-unsaturated fatty acids, an increase in mono-unsaturated fatty acids) and an imbalance in eicosanoids (signaling molecules that exert complex control over many bodily systems).
These effects often appeared amplified and more significant in the group of smokers with COPD in comparison to the group of smokers without COPD. However, the COPD group was also associated with a higher cumulative smoking exposure than the healthy smoking group, so it remains unclear which effects are more closely linked to COPD, rather than being the results of more extensive cigarette smoke exposure. This suggests that the future study of former smokers with COPD may help to identify effects that are more specifically related to COPD itself, rather than cigarette smoking.
“This study has yielded important new insights into the complex interplay between cigarette smoke exposure, lung disease and alterations in lipid profiles,” said Dr Julia Hoeng, director of systems toxicology in the Biological Systems Research division of PMI. “In addition, it identifies new avenues for research in the ongoing quest to identify a robust biomarker for COPD and to benefit from all that such a discovery would entail, from diagnostics, to drug discovery, to personalized medicine.”
