Articles, Explainers, Milestones

If mRNA is the software, plasmid DNA is the code. The industry needs a lot more of it at GMP grade. Here is how the fermentation science gets there.

Next-generation therapies require next-generation manufacturing. Here is how the industry is solving the viral vector and plasmid crunch

The gene therapy boom has a massive bottleneck: making enough high-quality viral vectors. Here is what it takes to solve it.

Learn the key differences between chemical and enzymatic approaches to synthetic DNA production and their implications for modern research.

Discover how codon optimization influences gene expression, protein production, and synthetic DNA design across diverse expression systems.

Explore strategies for improving extracellular vesicle yield, purity, and reproducibility in biomanufacturing workflows.

Demand outran supply, and manufacturing, not discovery, became the bottleneck. How GLP-1 drugs are synthesized, formulated, and supplied, and why the move to oral small molecules could reset the economics.

Years of epidemiology and preclinical data pointed to GLP-1 drugs as disease modifiers in the brain. A large Phase 3 trial said otherwise. What the Alzheimer’s failure, and a parallel one in Parkinson’s, teach drug discovery.

From the approved anchors to the triple agonist leading Phase 3 and the Phase 2 contenders behind them, a map of the 2026 GLP-1 pipeline by mechanism, stage, and efficacy.

The receptor behind the most important metabolic drugs is a class B GPCR with a distinctive activation mechanism and a reach that extends well beyond the pancreas. A look at its structure, signaling, and tissue distribution.

A class of hormone-mimicking drugs has transformed metabolic medicine. How GLP-1 receptor biology drives the effect, how discovery science turned it into medicines, and where the pipeline goes next

Researchers are uncovering how hidden sources of variability throughout the experimental workflow can shape scientific outcomes.